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1 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference he tl431 integrated circuits are three-terminal programmable shunt regulator diodes. these monolithic ic voltage references operate as a low temperature coefficient zener which is programmable from vref to 36 volts with two external resistors. this device exhibits a wide operating current range of 1.0 to 100 ma with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.22 . the characteristics of these references make them excellent replacements for zener diodes in many applications such as digital voltmeters, power supplies, and op amp circuitry. the 2.5 volt reference makes it convenient to obtain a stable reference from 5.0 volt logic supplies, and since the tl431 operates as a shunt regulator, it can be used as either a positive or negative voltage reference 1. programmable output voltage to 36 volts 2. low dynamic output impedance,0.22 typical 3. sink current capability of 1.0 to 100ma 4. equivalent full-range temperature coefficient of 50ppm/ typical 5. temperature compensated for operation over full rated operating temperature range 6. low output noise voltage t feature anode ref cathode sot-23 top view ref anode cathode sot-89 top view cathode ref nc nc nc nc dip-8 top view a node nc 1 8 cathode ref anode anode nc nc sop-8 top view 1 8 a node a node to-92 top view reference a node cathode
2 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference ref erence cathode anode (a) (k) (r) 10k 150 800 4.0k 800 7.2k 2.4k 20pf 3.28k 20pf 800 1.0k anode(a) cathode(k) ref erence(r) 2.5vref representative block diagram + - -20 ~ +85 " storage temperature range t stg -65 to +150 " total power dissipation @t a =25 " derate above 25 " ambient temperature t,d suffix package 0.70 w p suffix package 1.10 h suffix package 1.0 lt1 suffix package p d 0.28 cathode anode ref erence (r) (a) (k) symbol
3 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference total power dissipation @t c =25 derate above 25 case temperature t,d suffix package 1.5 w p suffix package 3.0 h suffix package lt1 suffix package p d thermal characteristics characteristics symbol t, d suffix p suffix h suffix lt1 suffix unit thermal resistance, junction to ambient r ja 178 114 110 575 /w thermal resistance, junction to case r jc 83 41 8 150 /w recommended operating conditions condition/value symbol min max unit cathode to anode voltage v ka v ref 36 v cathode current i k 1.0 100 ma electrical characteristics ( ambient temperature at 25 unless otherwise noted) tl431 characteristic symbol min typ max unit reference input voltage (fig 1) v ka =v ref , i k =10ma t a =+25 tolerance 0.5% 1% 2% v ref 2.483 2.470 2.445 2.495 2.507 2.520 2.55 t a =t low to t high (note 1) 2.453 -- 2.537 v reference input voltage deviation over temperature range (fig 1, note 1,2) v ka =v ref . i k =10ma v ref -- 3.0 17 mv -- -1.4 -2.7 ratio of change in reference input voltage to change in cathode to anode voltage i k =10ma (figure 2), v ka =10v to v ref v ka =36v to 10v ka ref v v ? ? -- -1.0 -2.0 mv/v
4 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference -- 1.8 4.0 reference input current (figure 2) i k =10ma, r1=10k, r2= t a =+25 t a =t low to t high (note 1) i ref -- -- 5.2 a reference input current deviation over temperature range (figure 2, note 1) i k =10ma, r1=10k, r2= i ref -- 0.4 1.2 a minimum cathode current for regulation v ka =v ref (figure 1) i min -- 0.5 1.0 ma off-state cathode current (figure 3) v ka =36v, v ref =0v i off -- 260 1000 na dynamic impedance (figure 1, note 3) v ka =v ref , i k =1.0ma to 100ma, f< 1.0khz |z ka | -- 0.22 0.5 1 t low =0 , t high =+70 2 the deviation parameter v ref is defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full operating ambient temperature range the applies. the average temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, v ref , is defined as: v ref c ppm = a ref ref t c v v ? ? 6 10 25 @ = ) 25 @ ( 10 6 c v t v ref a ref ? ? v ref can be positive or negative depending on whether v ref min of v ref max occurs at the lower ambient temperature. (refer to figure 6) example: v ref =8.0mv and slope is positive, v ref @25 =2.495v, t a =70 v ref = ) 495 . 2 ( 70 10 008 . 0 6 =45.8 ppm/
5 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference 3 the dynamic impedance z ka is defined as: | z ka | = k ka i v ? ? when the device is programmed with two external resistors, r1 and r2, (refer to figure 2) the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as: | z ka ?| | z ka | (1+ 2 1 r r )
6 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference test circuits v ka = v ref (1+ 2 1 r r )+ i ref ? r1 fig 1.test circuit for v ka= v ref fig 2.test circuit for v ka >v ref fig 3.test circuit for i off application example fig 4.test circuit for curves a of stability boundary conditions fig 5.test circuit for curves b.c and d of stability boundary conditions fig 6.shunt regulator fig 7.high current shunt regulator
7 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference fig 8. output control of a three- terminal fixed regulator fig 9. series pass regulator fig 10 .constant current source fig 11 .constant current sink fig 12 .triac crowbar fig 13.scr crowbar
8 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference fig 14.voltage monitor fig 15 . single-supply comparator with temperature-compensated threshold fig 16 .simple 400mw phone amplifier fig 17.liner ohmmeter
9 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference test conditions results line regulation v in =10v to 20v,i o =1.0a 53mv (1.1%) load regulation v in =15v ,i o =0a to 1.0a 25mv (0.5%) output ripple v in =10v ,i o =1.0a 50mv pp p.a.r.d output ripple v in =20v,i o =1.0a 100mv pp p. a . r . d efficiency v in =15v,i o =1.0a 82% fig 18.high efficiency step-down switching converter
10 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference electrical characteristics curves fig 19.cathode current versus cathode voltage fig 20.cathode current versus cathode voltage fig 21.reference input voltage versus ambient temperature fig 22.reference input current versus ambient temperature fig 23.change in reference input voltage versus cathode voltage fig 24. off state cathode current versus ambient temperature
11 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference fig 25. dynamic impedance versus frequency fig 26.dynamic impedance versus ambient temperature fig 27. open loop voltage gain versus frequency fig 28. spectral noise density fig 29. pulse response fig 30. stability boundary conditions
12 2001-05-a tl431 programmable precision reference device temperature range package tl431bct 0.5% -20~+85 " to-92 tl431act 1% -20~+85 " to-92 tl431ct 2% -20~+85 " to-92 tl431bcp 0.5% -20~+85 " dip-8 tl431acp 1% -20~+85 " dip-8 tl431cp 2% -20~+85 " dip-8 tl431bcd 0.5% -20~+85 " sop-8 tl431acd 1% -20~+85 " sop-8 tl431cd 2% -20~+85 " sop-8 tl431bclt1 0.5% -20~+85 " sot-23 tl431aclt1 1% -20~+85 " sot-23 tl431clt1 2% -20~+85 " sot-23 tl431bch 0.5% -20~+85 " sot-89 tl431ach 1% -20~+85 " sot-89 tl431ch 2% -20~+85 " sot-89 order information

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